Money guide · 2026

Compound interest
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Einstein’s “eighth wonder of the world”. A $500/month investment at 7% grows to $608,000 in 30 years — $428,000 of it pure interest. See your own number.

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Part 1 · The basics

Interest on interest — the eighth wonder

Compound interest is the process where your returns start earning returns of their own. The earlier you start, the more dramatic the effect: time matters more than the amount.

The Rule of 72 estimates doubling: divide 72 by your annual return. At 7%, money doubles every ~10 years; at 10%, every ~7 years. Starting 5 years earlier can mean two extra doublings.

Rate

7% is a realistic long-term stock average. Higher returns double money faster — and cost more risk.

Time

The dominant factor. 10 extra years can double your final balance.

Contributions

Regular monthly investing (DCA) smooths volatility and supercharges compounding.

The start-early rule : Investing $300/month from age 25 beats $500/month from age 35. Time is the only variable you can never get back — start today.

7%
Long-term US stock average
after inflation ~5%
$608k
Value of $500/mo for 30 years at 7%
$180k contributed
72
Rule of 72: 72 ÷ rate = years to double
at 7% → ~10 years
40x
Growth of $10k over 40 years at 7%
≈ $150k without contributions
Part 2 · How it works

How compounding actually grows your money

Four numbers drive every projection.

  1. 1

    Principal

    The starting balance. Even $1,000 compounds into a meaningful base over decades.

  2. 2

    Contributions

    Monthly investing adds new principal every month — and each addition compounds too.

  3. 3

    Rate of return

    Your average annual return. Use 7% for stocks, 4–5% for balanced portfolios, 3% for bonds.

  4. 4

    Time

    The exponent. Compounding is exponential — the last decade typically beats all previous ones combined.

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Comparison

What time does to $300/month

At 7% annual return, $300/month invested monthly.

Years You contribute Future value Interest earned
10 $36,000 $52,000 $16,000
20 $72,000 $156,000 $84,000
30 $108,000 $365,000 $257,000
40 $144,000 $787,000 $643,000
In detail

The three levers of compounding

Change one and the outcome shifts dramatically.

Time

  • The single biggest factor
  • 10 more years ≈ double the result
  • Start today — never wait

Rate

  • 7% stock average vs 3% bonds
  • Higher return = more risk
  • Index funds capture the market

Consistency

  • Monthly DCA beats market timing
  • Automate contributions
  • Skip a year = lose compounding

Fees

  • 1% fee consumes ~28% of gains
  • Index funds keep costs near zero
  • The fee is the only guaranteed cost
Interactive

Compound interest calculator

Move the sliders — see your future value, contributions and interest in real time. (Fee inputs stay at 0%.)

Estimates only, based on your inputs.

Your situation

What fits your goal

Match the inputs to the outcome you need.

Early saver

Start small but start now. $100/month at 22 beats $300/month at 32 every time.

Retirement

Model 30–40 years at 7%. Let contributions grow with raises for a bigger result.

College fund

18 years at 6–7%. A 529 compounds tax-free and covers the growth.

Conservative investor

Use 4–5% for a balanced portfolio. The calculator adapts to your real return.

Catch-up saver

Larger monthly contributions can offset a late start — the calculator shows exactly how much.

Inflation-aware

Use ~5% real return to see the value in today’s money after ~2% inflation.

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Pros & cons

Why compounding wins & Where it fails

Why compounding wins

  • Returns earn returns — the only free money in investing.
  • Time and consistency beat timing and luck.
  • Even modest monthly contributions become life-changing over decades.

Where it fails

  • Inflation silently erodes nominal gains — plan with real returns.
  • Fees and taxes subtract from the growth.
  • Interruptions (stopping contributions) break the compounding chain.
Glossary

Compounding terms decoded

The math of growth, in plain English.

Principal
The money you invest before any returns.
Interest
The return earned on your money.
Compound interest
Interest earned on previously earned interest.
Future value
What your investment is worth at the end.
Rule of 72
72 ÷ annual return ≈ years to double.
DCA (dollar-cost averaging)
Investing a fixed amount regularly, regardless of price.
Real return
Return after inflation — the number that matters for purchasing power.
FAQ

Compound interest FAQ

How do I calculate compound interest?
The calculator above projects your future value from principal, monthly contributions, annual return and years. It compounds monthly, the standard assumption.
How often does interest compound?
This calculator compounds monthly, which is typical for savings and close to the continuous compounding of stock growth.
What return should I use?
7% is a realistic long-term US stock average (about 5% after inflation). Use 4–5% for balanced portfolios and 3% for bonds.
What is the rule of 72?
Divide 72 by your annual return to estimate how many years it takes to double. At 7%, money doubles about every 10 years.
Does starting early really matter that much?
Yes — $300/month from age 25 beats $500/month from age 35. The last decade of compounding often exceeds everything before it.
Should I account for inflation?
For a purchasing-power view, subtract ~2% from the return. The real return is the number that matters for your lifestyle.
How do fees affect compounding?
A 1% annual fee reduces a 7% return to ~6%, which consumes roughly 28% of your gains over 30 years. Keep costs near zero.
Is monthly investing (DCA) better than lump sum?
Lump sum wins historically, but DCA removes the regret risk and works for most people. Consistency beats either when it keeps you investing.

Projections assume constant returns and monthly compounding. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Educational, not investment advice.

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